Diversity in Law Enforcement Annotated Bibliography

Diversity in Law Enforcement - Annotated Bibliography Example people belonging to different races and working in law enforcement agencies and to identify the various strategies that are being used by these agencies in order to attract as well as hire individuals belonging to different races in law enforcement agencies. The researchers identified that there is a lack of communication between the recruiters of law enforcement agencies and institutions that belong to racial minorities and they even identified that lower level of information is being supplied to racial minority communities and their institutions. The research article titled â€Å"Gay men in the police: identity disclosure and management issues† was authored by Rumens et al. and published during the period of 2012 (Rumens, 2012). The purpose of this research article was to focus on the research conducted to identify the ways individuals belonging to the LGBT groups were managed when they disclosed that they were gay or lesbian. The researchers identified that police officers who belonged to the LGBT group did not face difficulties in disclosing their sexual orientation and were looking for ways to disclose this information. The research even states that disclosed identities can be managed well in organizations that follow an open culture. The researchers conclude that it is quite difficult for gay police officers to integrate in an organization where masculinity is valued and empowered. Sadler, M. S., Correll, J., Park, B., & Judd, C. M. (June 01, 2012). The World Is Not Black and White: Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot in a Multiethnic Context.  Journal of Social Issues,  68,  2, 286-313. The research titled â€Å"The World Is Not Black and White: Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot in a Multiethnic Context: was authored by Sadler et al (Sadler, 2012). The purpose of this research was to identify the racial biasness that is experienced by police officers while they make the decision of shooting or not shooting possible offenders. The researchers identified

Improving passenger safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Improving passenger safety - Essay Example The majority of road crashes are as a result of human error such as exceeding speed limit, ignoring traffic rules and safety systems such as seat belts among others. Improving passenger safety in cars is very important so as to reduce the injuries associated with car accidents. However, this alone will not assist in minimizing accident rates because improving car performance and increasing awareness of traffic rules among individuals will significantly help reducing the rate of car accidents. By increasing the car technical performance, vehicles safety and creating awareness on the same, we can definitely reduce the risk of car accidents and injuries. The purpose of this paper is to describe methods and practices that can improve car safety and reduce car accidents to save more passenger lives. Generally, there are various methods and practices that can be put in place to improve car safety and save many passengers from unnecessary accidents some of which include traffic rules and laws, engineering and traffic management among others (Bartley 14). The use of safety seat belt, airbags as well as routine car testing help in ensuring that vehicles provide a reasonable degree of car protection (â€Å"Autotech 95† 54). Arguably, improving passenger safety should be the first priority for every driver. The most effective way to guarantee passengers their safety is by being an attentive driver, that is, a good driver need to practice good driving habits because with these habits, they are more likely to avoid accidents. More so, they should ensure that all their safety systems are in order and functional. Today, automobiles are properly designed and well equipped with advanced safety features that are very useful in protecting passengers from serious injuries or even death in case of a car crash. It is always important to ensure that all these safety features are used correctly all the time. For instance, it is

Technology and the Invasion of Privacy Essay -- Exploratory Essays Res

Technology and the Invasion of Privacy As citizens of America we are all entitled to our rights of privacy. When something threatens this guaranteed privacy we tend to take extra precautions to prohibit prolonged violation. As the advancing world of technology continues to grow and expand, so do the amount of cases involving privacy invasion. Technology drives these privacy-invading crimes; however, crime also drives technology, creating a vicious cycle. Without technology an invader could not enter that of a stranger’s life. Conversely, without technology that same criminal would evade the law enforcers. So does technology protect citizens’ privacy, or does it expose one’s entire life? In regards to this question, one must consider: before the rise of the world of technology, privacy invasion was not a common issue. With this fact in mind it is not difficult to determine where the problem lies: technology threatens privacy. Computers are main technological features that allow criminals to step into unsuspecting victims lives. With a simple piggy-backing program hackers are able to track every keystroke made by the victim. One such program is called spyware, not to be confused with adware, which is often referred to interchangeably with spyware, but is potentially harmless (Louis 15). Spyware, hidden within downloaded software, implants itself deep within a computer’s hard drive, allowing it to track every move made by the user (Louis 16). Once inside a system, spyware can gather e-mail addresses, passwords, and credit card numbers. This gathered information is then transmitted across the internet to the author of the spyware, who then uses the newly gained information to determine which ads should target... ...and more anti-spywares that protect your computers from viruses, and better care taken by individuals (McGuire), Americans can begin to protect themselves from the privacy predators, and hopefully start a trend that will eventually put an end to the vicious cycle of technology vs. privacy.    Works Cited    McGuire, David.   "FTC Sues Spyware Suspects."   Washingtonpost.com Apr 2004. 9 Nov. 2004 <http://www.washingtonpost.com O'Reilly, John.   An Employer's Guide to Surveillance, Searches & Medical Examination.   Toronto: Thomson Canada Limited, 2003. "Protect Yourself Online."   Consumer Reports Sep. 2004:   12-19 Raphael, Louis.   "Spyware: Technology's Version of Big Brother." Computer Technology Review Feb. 2004: 12-16 Stead, Bette Ann.   Privacy and Rights In The Work Place.   Houston: University of Houston, College of Business Administration, 1998.

Community News Article: Promoting Health Drinks and Lifestyle Essay

Resumen: This article discusses how in the Appalachian areas of the United States children as young as 6 month are given this high-sugar, highly caffeinated cheap soda to drink called Mountain Dew. This may be because Mountain Dew is cheaper than milk. Parents are allowing far too much caffeine in their systems which cause potential bone damages and mailing causing teeth to rot in the toddlers as young as age two. Lemon and Lime drinks are very damaging to the teeth and Mountain Dew has both. Citric acid is in a lot of lemon or lime- flavored beverages and all carbonated beverages have phosphoric acid that which erode the teeth. Many dentist have tried to educate families and have offered free services to help but these programs can’t work if parents refuse to carry good dental hygiene. The Organization of Public Health Law Research says that West Virginia is so bad that legal action may be necessary, such as implementation of an excise tax on soda, limiting purchases of the drinks with food stamps, educating young mothers and making dental care part of the well-baby visit, especially since many don’t visit dentist until they are 5 years old. Reversing this problem is what health providers are trying to do especially since in West Virginia tooth decay and rotten teeth is normal. Opinion After reading this article, I was very shocked that mothers are given toddlers soda to drink, especially because they find soda cheaper than milk. Parents need to think about their children’s health and their future. I use to love drinking Mountain Dew and I am so glad I don’t drink it anymore. Promoting health drinks and lifestyle is very important to do especially in this century where parents have no time to feed or give children a healthy meal and just solve the solution with fast food or soda. As nurses this is something we must always try to educate families about. If we don’t teach children how to take good care of themselves who will?

How and When Pregnancy Tests Work

Pregnancy tests rely on the presence of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein that is secreted by the placenta shortly after fertilization. The placenta begins developing after the fertilized egg implants in a womans uterus, which happens about six days after conception, so the earliest these tests can be used to detect pregnancy is about six days post-conception. Wait to Take Test Fertilization does not necessarily take place the same day as intercourse, so most women are advised to wait until they miss their period before trying a pregnancy test. Levels of hCG double about every two days in a pregnant woman, so the test increases in reliability over time The tests work by binding the hCG hormone from either blood or urine to an antibody and an indicator. The antibody will bind only to hCG; other hormones will not give a positive test result. The usual indicator is a pigment molecule, present in a line across a home pregnancy urine test. Highly sensitive tests could use a fluorescent or radioactive molecule attached to the antibody, but these methods are unnecessary for an over-the-counter diagnostic test. The tests available  over-the-counter versus those obtained at the doctors office are the same. The primary difference is the decreased chance of user error by a trained technician. Blood tests are equally sensitive at any time. Urine tests tend to be most sensitive using urine from early morning which tends to be more concentrated (meaning it would have the highest levels of hCG.) False Positives and Negatives Most medications, including birth control pills and antibiotics, do not affect the results of pregnancy tests. Alcohol and illegal drugs do not affect the test results either. The only drugs that can cause a false positive are those containing the pregnancy hormone hCG in them (usually used for treating infertility.) Some tissues in a non-pregnant woman can produce hCG, but the levels are normally too low to be within the detectable range of the tests. Also, about half of all conceptions dont proceed to pregnancy, so there may be chemical positives for a pregnancy that wont progress. For some urine tests, evaporation may form a line that could be interpreted as a positive. This is why tests have a time limit for examining the results. Its untrue that urine from a man will give a positive test result. Although the level of hCG rises overtime for a pregnant woman, the quantity of hCG produced in one woman is different from the amount produced in another. This means some women may not have enough hCG in their urine or blood at six days post-conception to see a positive test result. All tests on the market should be sensitive enough to give a highly accurate result (about 97% to 99%) by the time a woman misses her period.

George Orwell’s 1984 and Stalin’s Russia Essay - 2140 Words

In George Orwell’s 1984, the strategies used by Oceania’s Political Party to achieve total control over the population are similar to the ones employed by Joseph Stalin during his reign. Indeed, the tactics used by Oceania’s Party truly depicts the brutal totalitarian society of Stalin’s Russia. In making a connection between Stalin’s Russia and Big Brothers’ Oceania, each Political Party implements a psychological and physical manipulation over society by controlling the information and the language with the help of technology. Many features of Orwells imaginary super-state Oceania are ironic translations from Stalin’s Russia. In Oceania, the Party mainly uses technology as the chief ingredient to implement a psychological†¦show more content†¦For example, when Winston sits down to write in his dairy, he writes â€Å"in sheer panic, only perfectly aware of what he was setting down† (Orwell, 11). In this instance, Winst on is afraid of the act of writing in a dairy, but he decides to do so in sheer panic. This results as the effect of Oceania’s Party psychological manipulation of the mind. Every time a person decides to do something, they will have a sheer image of the poster and the caption â€Å"Big Brother Is Watching You† in the back of their heads. Hence, this action limits the person capability to act freely and express their inner sentiments. (Critical Reception, 11-23) Alike, â€Å"The Poster† was the most prominent form of psychological manipulation during Stalins reign. Until World War I the poster had avoided social themes. However, as Stalin’s Russia rose to war and as a world power, the posters took a turn to be commercial and cultural, an attempt to develop an expanding market and advertise various entertainments. The posters of World War II took on a new task: to mobilize the population in support of the war effort. Stalin’s Posters featured themes of mobilizing the armed forces, reconstructing the economy, as well as various specific war time problems. It was at this point that the government began to make efforts to â€Å"shape public opinion† and â€Å"arouse patriotic feelings†. The government assigned this task to the mass media. Every political event in Russia found resonance inShow MoreRelatedJoseph Stalin And 1984847 Words   |  4 PagesOceania in George Orwell’s 1984 and Joseph Stalin†™s Soviet Republic. When looking at the way Stalin ran his regime, as well as the effect it had on the citizens of the nation, it’s clear to see that Orwell may have drawn inspiration from Stalin’s Soviet Union when designing the fictitious Oceania. The quality of living in the Soviet Union at the time was almost identical to that portrayed in 1984. The division of wealth among the people of Oceania also seemed inspired by life in Stalin’s Soviet UnionRead MorePolitical Elements Of 1984870 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwell’s book, 1984, was and still is an astonishing success. Every year this book rises to the top of the charts than falls back down until the next year comes around. Even though 1984 is a book from 1949, somehow it stays relevant in modern day society. Many people ask the question why and the answer is not as simple as you may think. 1984 has many elements in it that makes it perfect for studying in a school. The book has a big focus on government control as well as politics, uses manyRead MoreThe Threat of Love in Totalitarian Regimes as Depicted in Orwells 19841424 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between the person and the party and a love for its leader can exist. The totalitarian society depicted throughout the Orwell’s novel 1984 has created a concept of an Orwellian society. 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Through intense allegories, Orwell unintentionally crafted novels that areRead MoreStalin and 19842081 Words   |  9 PagesMechanisms of Control In George Orwells 1984, the strategies used by Oceanias Party to achieve total control over the population are similar to the ones emplaced by Joseph Stalin during his reign. Indeed, the tactics used by Oceanias Party truly depicts the brutal totalitarian society of Stalins Russia. In making a connection between Stalins Russia and Big Brothers Oceania, each party implements a psychological and physical manipulation over society by controlling the information and theRead MoreThe Works of George Orwell1347 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell How did George Orwell, an author who died over 50 years ago, suddenly rocket to the top of the best sellers list? George Orwell was able to show peoples all over the world about dangers that not only pertained to people of his time period but to multitudes of future generations. He used his literary knowledge to write books that were incredible influential in both their literary skill and the message they portrayed. George Orwell greatly influenced British society through his literaryRead More George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pages The terrors of a totalitarian government presented in George Orwell’s 1984 apply not only to the Party, but also to the Stalinist Russia of the 1930’s. Frightening similarities exist between these two bodies which both started out as forms of government, and then mutated into life-controlling political organizations which â€Å"subordinated all institutions and classes under one supreme power† (Buckler 924). Orwell shows how such a system can impose its will on the people through manipulation of mediaRead MoreFrancess Kargbo. Mr. Bond-Theriault. 2Nd Period. 22 March1623 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 2017 1984 By: George Orwell From a new historicism , and psychoanalytic criticism view. â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† As the future nears, most of humanity is starting to realize that â€Å"2+2=5†(. There is manipulation that occurs constructed by the government to control every aspect of reality, technology taking human jobs, those who control the present write history, social hierarchy, and wars that have no purpose. 1984 by Eric Arthur Blair is known by his pen name, George Orwell may notRead MoreGeorge Orwell and Animal Farm and 19841008 Words   |  5 Pages George Orwell and Animal Farm and 1984 nbsp; George Orwell is only a pen name. The man behind the classics Animal Farm and 1984 was named Eric Arthur Blair and was born to a middle class family living in Bengal in 1903. Eric Blair got his first taste of class prejudice at a young age when his mother forced him to abandon his playmates, which were plumbers children (Crick 9). He could then play only with the other children in the family, all of whom were at least five years older or youngerRead MoreThe Threat of Love in Orwell’s Novel 1984 Essays1339 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, love between two individuals is eliminated because only a relationship between the person and the party and a love for its leader can exist. The totalitarian society depicted throughout the Orwell’s novel 1984 has created a concept of an Orwellian society. Joseph Stalin’s Soviet regime in Russia can be described as Orwellian. The imaginary world of Oceania draws many parallels to the modern day totalitarian regime established by Stalin. For example, in the novel it was the desire of the Party

Effects Of The United States On Foreign Policy And Why It...

The United States have been involved in many countries throughout history. Most recently the U.S. have been involved with the Middle East and terrorist groups within those countries. Throughout our involvement in other countries the U.S. has experienced blowback. The term blowback has played a significant role on our foreign policy. â€Å"Blowback is defined as the unintended consequences of policies that were kept from the American people† (Johnson, 2000, p. 8). This paper will discuss the effects of blowback in United States foreign policy and why it matters, the consequences of the invasion of Iraq in 2003, and how the Bush administration contributed to the rise of ISIS. Chalmers Johnson says that â€Å"an obvious form of blowback often occurs when the victims fight back after a secret American bombing, a U.S. sponsored campaign of state terrorism, or a CIA- engineered overthrow of a foreign political leader† (Johnson, 2000, p. 9). If the United States picks sides during a war, blowback will occur. An example of the United States facing blowback would be when President Jimmy Carter and the Reagan Administration secretly allowed the CIA to ship weapons to the mujahedeen during the Soviet War in Afghanistan. The first shipment of these weapons were single-shot .303 Lee Enfield rifles (Coll, 2004, p. 58). The Reagan administration also gave Pakistan dictator, Mohammed Zia- ul- Haq, $3.2 billion to buy F-16 fighter jets; these F-16 fighter jets were only available to NATO allies andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Theodore Roosevelt s Acquisition Of The Panama Canal982 Words   |  4 Pagesover foreign matters has grown substantially, loosening its grip on the United States’ long standing policy of isolationism; officially abandoning it in the 1940s, when Frederick D. Roosevelt and the United States involved themselves in the infamous World War II. 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