Big Brothers Assimilation of Winston Smith into a Perfect So essays

Big Brothers Assimilation of Winston Smith into a Perfect So essays George Orwells 1984 touches on many disturbing aspects about the denial of a person's natural rights. It portrays a government that suffocates happiness out of its citizens. Crimes against Big Brother are defined as history, sex, and learning. Every view is poisoned by Big Brother. 1984 centers on a particular character, Winston Smith, who has ideas of insurrection. Big Brothers uses its implement of terror to discipline everyone who rises up against them. Winston Smiths struggle with the socialistic State, Big Brother, ultimately leads to his downfall. Winston fights a losing battle from the start; his covert crusade is unveiled, and he is punished for his radical ideas Every aspect of life is Party business, and this omnipresence finally leads to Winstons submission. The Party frowns down on history, sex, and education; it clouds everyones judgment with propaganda and deception. Its solemn pictures everywhere promptly remind its peasants that the partys control is everywhere. Winston sees these signs in all places, comments, It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you moving. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption reads (Orwell 27).This faceless mesmerizes its people with fear, just like a rattlesnake with its prey. It will ultimately strike at the slightest movement. The fundamental battle in the book becomes clear. It entails the struggle between Winston wanting to be free versus the fear of Big Brother. Because hierarchy depends on poverty and ignorance, as well as keeping people too busy to complain about conditions, it became a goal to maintain that balance (Kessler 303) Depressed, Winston looks around and sees horrible food, ugly clothes, and bleak surroundings. He feels things should be better, even though he has never known a time when things were pleasant to eat and to look at. Big Brothers rib breaking bear ...

Meet Hera, the Queen of the Greek Gods

Meet Hera, the Queen of the Greek Gods Hera (Juno) is the queen of the gods. She is usually plotting either to favor the Greeks over the Trojans, as in Homers Iliad, or against one of the females who has caught the roving eye of her philandering husband, Zeus. At other times, Hera is shown plotting mischief against Heracles. Myths re-told by Thomas Bulfinch about Hera (Juno) include: Monsters Nisus and Scylla - Echo and Narcissus - Clytie - Hero and LeanderJuno and Her RivalsHercules- Hebe and Ganymede Family of Origin The Greek goddess Hera is one of the daughters of Cronus and Rhea. She is the sister and wife of the king of the gods, Zeus. Roman Equivalent The Greek goddess Hera was known as the goddess Juno by the Romans. It is Juno who torments Aeneas on his trip from Troy to Italy to found the Roman race. Of course, this is the same goddess who so vehemently opposed the Trojans in the stories about the Trojan War, so she would try to put obstacles in the path of a Trojan prince who escaped the destruction of her hated city. In Rome, Juno was part of the Capitoline triad, along with her husband and Minerva. As part of the triad, she is Juno Capitolina. The Romans also worshiped a Juno Lucina, Juno Moneta, Juno Sospita, and Juno Caprotina, among other epithets. Attributes of Hera Peacock, cow, crow and pomegranate for fertility. She is described as cow-eyed. Powers of Hera Hera is the queen of the gods and the wife of Zeus. She is the goddess of marriage and is one of the childbirth goddesses. She created the Milky Way when she was lactating. Sources on Hera Ancient sources for Hera include: Apollodorus, Cicero, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Hyginus, and Nonnius. Children of Hera Hera was the mother of Hephaestus. Sometimes she is credited with giving birth to him without the input of a male as a response to Zeus giving birth to Athena from his head. Hera was not pleased with the clubfoot of her son. Either she or her husband threw Hephaestus from Olympus. He fell to earth where he was tended by Thetis, the mother of Achilles, for which reason he created Achilles great shield. Hera was also the mother, with Zeus, of Ares and Hebe, the cupbearer of the gods who marries Heracles.

Special courts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Special courts - Research Paper Example The establishment of special courts aims at handling certain matters, which cannot be handled by other courts. With the establishment of special courts, there is provision of expertise in the matter under consideration since such courts have specialized knowledge on certain matters (Goodnow, 2005). An example of a special court One significant example of a special court discussed by Champion and others is the United States tax Court, which refers to a special court that deals with tax cases involving the federal government. The judges of this court include specialists who have specialized knowledge in tax law. This gives them the advantage of better understanding unique issues, which may relate to law that focuses on taxes. In the United States, the Tax Court can be regarded as a national court, and the headquarters of this court can be found in Washington, D.C. This court has the jurisdiction to handle all cases, which deal with tax issues all over the United States. The judges of t he Tax Court make visits to various parts of the United States and avail themselves to hear cases, which relate to tax issues all over the country (Okwuosah, 2008). The Congress established this court under Article I of the Constitution of the United States. ... The U.S. constitution gives this court the powers to award people who reveal tax discrepancies referred as whistleblowers, as well as establish the methods that will be used to classify employees working in various positions within the country (Champion et. al., 2012). In order for this court to hear a case, there ought to be a petition submitted by the taxpayer within ninety days. Taxpayers do not have the mandate to request the Tax Court to conduct jury trials. The court has to hear a case before the taxpayer is ordered to pay any amount, which may be disputed. The judges of the Tax Court comprise of 19 members who have been appointed by the president. With the various decisions issued by the court, the court can be regarded as effective in its ruling. The decisions issued by the court can either be memorandum or regular decision. This ensures that no party is favored at the expense of the other; as the judges have to evaluate the unique situation surrounding a certain case before giving a ruling. This court also enhances efficiency since it has a division dealing with small cases, which is known as Small Cases Division. As such, cases can be ruled within a short period since delays can be avoided and the formal procedures, which may accompany cases, can also be exempted from the court process. Since this court provides specialized services to all citizens without any fear or favor, it has turned out to be one of the best courts that hear cases related to tax evasion. The court has emerged as effective and instrumental since it conducts a thorough investigation before coming up with a ruling. As a result of this court, tax issues in the U. S. can be addressed with a lot

DB4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DB4 - Essay Example Objectives Our aim is to introduce a new operating system in the market and eventually gather a market share. To accomplish that, we need to: establish an offline and online presence by writing product articles for print and new media, establish networks with probable clients through conferences, and establish business relationships by partnering with other software development companies. Competitive Environment and Analysis Different categories of computers use different operating systems and the market share varies widely from one category to another (e.g. Desktop and laptop computers, mobile devices, etc.). The main players, however, in the operating system market are Microsoft Windows, Linux, Unix, and Apple. As of the last quarter of 2010, the combined market share of these companies for different categories is around 95%. While most of these companies have huge market shares in desktop computers and mobile devices, our operating system specializes in customized applications whi ch include car entertainment systems, DVD players, and corporate computers, to name a few. Target Market The primary target market for our product is original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).

No child left behind Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No child left behind Act - Essay Example The also mean to servechildren with disabilities, those who originate from low revenue families, and even those entrenched with ethnic and racial propagations. The NCLB act was put into legislation on January 8, 2008 and signed by President George Bush. The sole aim of NCLB is to increase the reach of the national government into the management of both international and local schools and as well raise the stakes for states, districts, and schools. The increases funding for the specific schools that serve poor students, decrees ‘highly qualified’ teachers for every classroom, and consequently holds all schools that receivenational funds answerable to raising the success of all students (Hackett 2011). Education is the proficiency and capability of developing children’s reasoning ability and how they adapt to the curriculumthey are subjected to. This is what the federal government has tried to achieve in the No Child Left Behind act where the main objective was to change the nature of curricula public schools use. In essence, the latter compelled former President Lyndon B. Johnson, on April 11, 1965 to signing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The then united President, Lyndon B. Johnson declared, â€Å"I believe deeply no law I have signed or will ever sign means more to the future of America† (Cunningham & Redmond 2009). In any case, the act signaled the start of more policies that would effectively identify the role of the Federal government in impacting child growth and education. However, this still leaves the question of â€Å"is the NCLD act improving the quality of teaching?† Well, the act deludes off the blame of poor child performance on teachers but only requires â€Å"highly qualified† teachers in every classroom by the academic year 2005/2006. For this case, â€Å"highly qualified† teachers are defined as those who hold a bachelor’s degree, are certified or licensed by

Keeping children safe in the virtual world

Keeping children safe in the virtual world I have chosen to do my essay on the challenges of keeping children safe in the virtual world. I will include the following in my essay -: the historical context of this topic, the possible challenges of keeping children safe in the virtual world such as grooming, cyber bullying and many more. Ways we can keep children safe in the virtual world; for example educating children, how to report online abuse and relating to theorist ideas on this theme. I also will talk about the current policies that are in place, why this issue is relevant and why these policies have been introduced. Then I will talk about how this can be put into practice and how this will make a difference on how people work. The first online child abuse images started in the mid 1990s. In 1998 the parliament passed the Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act, or COPPA which addressed online privacy and safety risks for children under age 13. COPPA need Web site companies need to take steps to avoid collecting personal information from children. In August 2003 the Internet Advisor for the National Child Helpline, joined members on our Your Childs Safety board to answer their questions about child safety online. In April 2006 the Government set up CEOP, the ChildHYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=encr=countryUK|countryGBrlz=1T4HPEB_en-GBGB319GB320tbs=ctr:countryUK|countryGB,tl:1q=child exploitationsa=Xei=IGsNTdrVJsyLhQeYy423Dgved=0CD4Q0AEwBA Exploitation and OnlineHYPERLINK http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=encr=countryUK|countryGBrlz=1T4HPEB_en-GBGB319GB320tbs=ctr:countryUK|countryGB,tl:1q=online protection centresa=Xei=IGsNTdrVJsyLhQeYy423Dgved=0CD8Q0AEwBA Protection Centre, to tackle abuse and educate parents and children about personal safety online. In September 2007, the Prime Minister asked Dr Tanya Byron to lead an independent review into child safety online and in video games, this documentation is called safer children in the digital world this was published in March 2008. In April 2008 the home office task force on child protection on the internet published a guidance note offering good practice recommendations for the providers of social networking sites. The aim of the guidance is to enhance the online safety of children and young people and was drawn up in consultation with websites, mobile phone operators, childrens charities and academics.Privacy Protection Act I will define the word risk this is to do with a child put themselves in danger and wanting to take risk to explore the world. Encarta defines risk as; chance of something going wrong: the danger that injury, damage, or loss will occur. Smith, C., Stainton-Rogers, W., and Tucker, S (2007) pg 220 state that Whereas other terms such as hazard, threat, and danger always carry a negative meaning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ risk taking is much more ambiguous: except that is, risk taking by the young. From this quote you can see that risk is part of everyday life and children need to experience this to develop knowledge and understanding of the dangers of online activities. Poor areas of society are more at risk of getting abused because of the lack of knowledge online. Bryon, T (2007) pg 22 states that Research highlights that children from more deprived backgrounds may be more at risk online because of a lack of confidence with new technology. From this we can interpret that it is very important t o teach children about this topic in schools, so that these disadvantaged children can get more understanding on the risks of web 2.0 such social networking sites. Children behaviour of risk taking online such as posting inappropriate images online, giving strangers personal information. The internet is a world wide web where millions of people use this resource for education purposes, to stay in contact with friends via social networking sites and for fun such as play games online. Some 99% of children aged 8-17 access the internet (Ofcom, 2008). You can assess the internet through mobile phones, computers and game consoles e.g. PSP, Nintendo wii, PS3 and the Xbox 360 all have WIFI on their systems which enable children to use the internet. There are three aspects of risk online which are as follows; content this is to do with inappropriate images on the internet such as pornography. Contact this is to do with seeing a child in the real world, whom you met via chat rooms or social networking sites. Conduct this is to do with uploading images on the internet that are not suitable for the virtual world or it could be bullying other people on the internet. Cyberbullying means online bullying. This type of bullying is hard to pick up than normal bullying because this type of bullying can be received anytime and anywhere via mobile phones or emails. Forms of Cyberbullying are grooming, abusing child online, briber the child and cybersex this is to do with the offender tries to persuade the child to talk about sex on the internetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This type of bullying can lead children to be emotionally abused. Emotional abuse is when children need unconditional love and care. They are sensitive and can be harmed by constant taunting, threats or made to feel guilty leading to loss of self confidence and self esteem. The physical indicators are poor speech and stammering or stuttering. The behavioural indicator are attention seeking, telling lies, withdrawal, constantly needing attention also little or no self esteem. ELABORATE Ward and Siegert 2002 pathway model this is to do with sex offenders, offending on the internet to abuse children. In this model there are five pathways which are as follows intimacy deficits this is to do with the offender will abuse when lonely. Distorted sexual scripts this is to do with lack understanding from child about sexual abuse. Emotional dysregulation this is to do with not able to control feelings and behaviour. Multiple dysfunctional mechanisms ward Sorbello 2003 pg 17 state that reflect on history of sexual abuse or exposure to sexual material. Anti-social cognitions this is to do with the offender having attitudes and beliefs of abusing. Ward Sorbello, 2003 pg15 state that one primary mechanism will exert a primary causal influence, the others only exerting a harmful effect due to the driving force of the primary deficit This is saying that only one will take effect first then the rest will integrate during the process of abusing. Anonymity this is to do with children talking to people who they dont know via the internet dangers of this could be sexual abuse Adults such as paedophiles will use wrong age and pretend to be the same age as chose children they want to offend. CEOP (2007) suggest within the virtual world when vulnerable children with a poor sense of self and low self esteem are seduced and flattered by others who represent themselves falsely within the virtual world e.g. online predators pretending to be children. This process can lead to grooming a child for sexual pleasure. Sexual abuse is when an adult or at times an older child uses a child for sexual gratification this means forcing a child ton carry out sexual acts including sexual touching, oral sex and intercourse. The effects of sexual abuse is are long lasting and highly damaging. It can cause problems in adult personal relationships children who are abused this ways can become abusers themselves. The physical indicators are bites, under wear showing signs of blood stains, swelling out of the vagina or anus etc. The behavioural indicators are depression, poor concentration; a child may reveal signs while using anatomically dolls, sexually explicit language and eating or sleeping problems. This type of bullying can effect childrens confidence and lead to risks such as suicide threats and they may murder their selves for the repeated abuse online. Finkelhors four precondition model of paedophilia the four models are thinking about doing sex with a child they want to offend via online contact, making excuses this is linked to grooming the child, creating the opportunity by persuading the child to meet them in the real world and the final stage is doing sex with the child or sexually abuse the child when they meet them in reality. Victims targeted are mostly girls because the sex offenders are usually male so they are more likely to abuse girls not boys. There is a particular risk of grooming practices through popular online services such as instant messaging and social networking sites with strangers using them to make contact with under-age girls, sometimes by adopting a fake persona (CEOP, 2007). But also CEOP are creating a leaflet targeting teenager boys to inform them that they may be in danger of this too not only girls. Children try to hide what they are doing online from their parents, which concern the parent on what their child are doing and viewing online. Older children do two things at the same time such as doing homework and on social networking site. But when parents check on what their child are doing, they will pretend to be doing their homework. Bryon, T (2008) pg 46 states that Multi-tasking is common, with young people using chat functions whilst doing their homework and able to quickly shield this from parental view. The reasons behind this could be that the child wants their own personal space or independence without parents telling the risks. Some children may think that the parents will not understand the new technology. The other side of the spectrum can be the benefits of the virtual world for children they are having the opportunities for learning, for play, for Communication, for skill development, for creativity and for having fun. Benefits of the medium include: facilitating learning; communication; and civic participation (Bentivegna, 2002). This is important for the child because they will be able to communicate to people in the virtual world and they can do their homework on the internet for research and revision. You can keep children safe in the virtual world by teaching the children of the dangers of the virtual world and how to stay safe this can be done through teachers and parents. But parents will need to gain knowledge on this topic. Research shows that parents dont understand the risks very well. ADD QUOTES AND STATISTICS Understanding what online abuse is, if you think this may be bullying you should report this via CEOP is a company that was set up by the government in 2006 or IWF. Which are organisations that can help children whom are getting bullied in the virtual world and inappropriate content online and stop chose offenders from re offending other children who are on the social networking sites. . Providing support for the sex offender; organising schemes to try stop these people from abusing children online. An example of this could be circles of support accountability. This was created to help the offender whom experienced loneliness or who has low self esteem, so this may make them abuse children online for fun. Use of parental controls: to control the content that your child can use such as blocking pornography pictures. Keep computers in a central location such as living room, where you can observe what your child is doing online. Having computer in the childs room will create a greater risk for children being abused online. The offender will know that no one is around the child and he or she is alone, through the use of webcam. Providing rules for children on how to stay safe online such as do not give out personal information online to a person you dont know, this can be linked to the stranger danger scenario because if you saw a stranger you would not talk to them in reality. Always ask your children what they have been doing on the internet, this way they can tell you if there were any unwanted content on the computer while they were surfing the internet such as abuse. ADD REFERENCES This is a relevant issue because children and young people are very vulnerable in the virtual world. So it is our duty to protect children from harm this can be linked to the childrens act. Children Act 1989 is an act of parliament, which puts the benefit of children first, to care for children from harm and you, must work with parents at any time possible this act states that requirements of children are the most important Sexual Offences Act (2003) sets out a new legal framework to protect children from sexual abuse this covers internet pornography, grooming exploitation. This Act will put restrictions on convicted sex offenders. This policy has been introduced to give more support to police on how to convict offenders and also it promotes internet safety. This is a good policy because it will keep children safe online because the offenders have restriction on contact with children, so they cant abuse children on the internet. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 this is a worldwide agreement that relates to all children and young people under the age of 18 years. The children should be protected from harmful influences such as abuse. This has been introduced because they wanted to keep vulnerable children safe from harm and protect the child from abuse which can have a negative impact such as low self confidence or self esteem. ELABORATE Another policy is the communication act 2003 section 127 is to do with misusing public computer to send inappropriate messages. The act states that Anyone who sends a message or other matter that is grossly offensive or is of an indecent, obscene or menacing character (other than in the course of providing a programme service) by means of a public electronic communications network, or who causes such a message or matter to be sent, is guilty of an offence. This means that if an offender sends a child messages via the internet that are not appropriate for their age. If the offender is found guilty he/she can be given a prison sentence for no more than six months. Debate around protecting children (the protective or preventive state) On my brothers school website they have a side panel that says e safety; which gives advice on staying safe online. This can be used by both parents and children whom use the website to see how to keep their child safe online. The government are advising schools to include internet bullying on their bullying policies. REFERENCES In conclusion it is very important to protect children from the risks of the virtual world because it is easier to abuse a child online than in reality. Another factor is that it is harder to pick out a child who is being abused online without the child reporting this incident to organisation such as CEOP, IWF and many more that can help stop the offender. Critically evaluate the practice implications (in as far as this is possible) i.e. what difference will it make to the way you work? This is a theoretical essay that needs to focus on wide relevant reading and research whatever the focus. You can refer to relevant practical applications e.g. in school but back this up with reading as well. If you are referring to a personal experience you may frame it e.g.   A recent placement experience in a local primary school setting demonstrated the importance of including this subject at a number of levels to ensure the protection of children as recommended by Bloggs ( 2208:9) who states  Ã‚   written policies that have been negotiated with all interested stakeholders are fundamental to ensuring that these issues are given appropriate prominence in any education environment. This was expressed in a number of ways and  included Bibliography USE JOURNALS Byron, T (2007) safer children in a digital world: the report of the Bryon review. Department for children, schools and department for culture, media and sport, London Grabber, C and et al (2009) E-safety and web 2.0 for children aged 11-16. Goodman, A Kennison, P (2008) children as victims. Exeter: Learning matters Smith, C., Stainton-Rogers, W., and Tucker, S (2007: 220) Risk in Robb, M (ed) Youth in Context: Frameworks, Settings and encounters. London: Sage Publications and the Open University Press. T. Ward, D. R. Laws, S. M. Hudson Eds. (2003) Sexual deviance: Issues and controversies. London: Sage. Websites used www.CEOP.police.uk assessed on 10th December 2010 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/21/notes/division/5/2/1/96 assessed on 12th December 2010

The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter Essay -- American History

The film titled, â€Å"The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter†, looks at the roles of women during and after World War II within the U.S. The film interviews five women who had experienced the World War II effects in the U.S, two who were Caucasian and three who were African American. These five women, who were among the millions of women recruited into skilled male-oriented jobs during World War II, shared insight into how women were treated, viewed and mainly controlled. Along with the interviews are clips from U.S. government propaganda films, news reports from the media, March of Time films, and newspaper stories, all depicting how women are to take "the men’s" places to keep up with industrial production, while reassured that their duties were fulfilling the patriotic and feminine role. After the war the government and media had changed their message as women were to resume the role of the housewife, maid and mother to stay out of the way of returning soldiers. Thus the patriotic and feminine role was nothing but a mystified tactic the government used to maintain the American economic structure during the world war period. It is the contention of this paper to explore how several groups of women were treated as mindless individuals that could be controlled and disposed of through the government arranging social institutions, media manipulation and propaganda, and assumptions behind women’s tendencies which forced â€Å"Rosie the Riveter† to become a male dominated concept. Since the war began women were led to believe that they were the ones who had to be the patriotic sacrifice until the men came home from war. The film reveals how the government used the media to alternately urge women to give up such elements of their feminin... ...owards more love stories. Essentially more forms of propaganda ensued to let women know what they should be doing. More domestic jobs became available such as being a maid, restaurant work, dishwashing and cleaning. However women who worked war jobs wanted their own maids now so they could pursue their own dreams. They felt inspired and accomplished. Lola Wiexl mentioned that although skills within the workforce were easily learned, within the household traditions still persisted. Lola herself said she'd go home cook, clean and do the laundry while her brother laid on the couch. She didn't question it before but she was angry about it for years after her war time experience. Thus patriarchal hegemonies still existed after the war and were perpetuated by the government and media as much as possible to solicit women who participated in activities outside of the home.

Gardening as a Relaxing Hobby Essay

Amidst the problems with climate change and the food shortage in some parts of the world, certain hobbies may become beneficial to humankind. In my personal attempt to help in alleviating this environmental dilemma, I recently engaged myself in a hobby that is useful for myself and to the environment. Gardening is a hobby that I am quite interested in. This hobby is important to me as I am trying to go organic and help the environment in my own little way. Since I am just a beginner in this hobby, I know only little in this particular field and I have plenty of questions that need answers. Gardening may look easy at the start but tending the garden is actually a task that needs knowledge in plants and soil composition. I am moving towards in creating an organic garden that I find beneficial, since I can grow food in my backyard. However, I need to know what plants are best to plant in a particular season. In addition, I need to be knowledgeable on how I will be able to manage pests in my garden without using chemical pest control and how I will be able to add necessary nutrients in my garden soil to assure plants holistic growth. I managed to answer some of my queries through reading and researching about the particular topic. The main research tool that I used is the internet where I managed to find sites that are credible and reliable. They provided tips and suggestions on how to manage an organic garden effectively and efficiently. Also, I managed to find reading materials like magazine and books that contain articles on managing an organic garden. These are also reliable sources of information about the hobby. As a form of evaluating the sources, I assure that the material comes from an expert or someone who is knowledgeable in the topic. Gardening is a hobby that is beneficial to humankind and to the environment.

The Pregnancy Life Stage Essays - Nutrition, Biomolecules, Midwifery

The Pregnancy Life Stage Essays - Nutrition, Biomolecules, Midwifery The Pregnancy Life Stage Running head: PREGNANCY LIFE STAGE Pregnancy Life Stage 1 Pregnancy Life Stage SCI/160 University of Phoenix July 25, 2000 Melissa Dolewa Pregnancy Life Stage Does nutrition status affect fertility? Good overall nutrition, rather than eating any specific food, greatly improves your chances of conceiving a child. For women, nutrient deficiencies and low-calorie diets at one extreme, and obesity at the other, can disrupt ovulation. Poor nutrition can also have an impact on male fertility. In order to get pregnant, doctors recommend that both women and men eat healthy, exercise and keep a positive mental attitude to increase chances of fertilization. Eating healthy, exercise and keeping a positive mental attitude are equally important during pregnancy and after pregnancy. According to www.familyinternet.com, carrying a baby for nine months and then providing it with breast milk afterward is a major nutritional stress on a womans body. Food intake increases only 15-20%, but requirements for specific nutrients such as folic acid, zinc, and certain B vitamins may increase by 30-100%. In addition, less than optimal nutrition can result in low-birth weight babies with increased risk of heart disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes as adults. (www.childbirth-connections.com). Both over-eating and under-eating can adversely affect the qualities and quantities of breast milk, which is explained further under Dietary Requirements During Pregnancy. During pregnancy, nutrients are passed from mother to fetus through the placenta, and after birth, through breast-milk. The main vitamins and nutrients needed by mother and fetus is explained in the chart below: Nutrient/Vitamin Amount Needed Benefit Source Protein Need for pregnant women is increased by 10 to 15 grams daily (1 glass of milk contains 8 grams of protein). Forms structural basis for all new cells and tissues for both the mother and fetus www.tdh.tx.us (Texas Department of Health) Carbohydrates 50-100 g/daily Prevents ketosis, which, during pregnancy, can cause brain damage to the fetus. www.tdh.tx.us Pregnancy Life Stage Nutrient/Vitamin Amount Needed Benefit Source Folate 400-800 micrograms daily Prevents anemia during pregnancy, may prevent miscarriage, preserves the integrity of genetic material, and lowers risk of neural tube defects like spina-bifuda www.familyinternet.com Calcium 1000-1500 mg/daily Milk production and growing bones www.familyinternet.com Iron 30 mg beginning 12th week of pregnancy Binds oxygen to hemoglobin and prevent iron-deficiency anemia Nutrition During Pregnancy, National Academy of Sciences Vitamin D Adequate sun exposure, or 10 mg/daily for complete vegetarians and 5 mg/daily for woman who dont eat vitamin D-fortified foods (dairy products) Promotes fetal growth, bone formation, tooth enamel formation and the proper utilization of calcium www.familyinternet.com Vitamin B-6 2-5 mg/day during 1st higher doses may shut off milk production Manufacture of hormones, hemoglobin, neurotransmitters, many enzymes, and amino acids. www.familyinternet.com Vitamin E 200 IU Decreases risk of premature babies and low-birth weight infants and may lower the risk of miscarriage. www.familyinternet.com Vitamin A Follow the RDA of 2700 IU daily Provides baby with vitamin A reserves and sustains adequate breast-mil concentrations. www.familyinternet.com Zinc 10-30 mg daily is sufficient and considered safe; excessive intake of zinc can lower HDL-cholesterol. Reduces risk of miscarriage, labor complications, neural tube defects and low-birth babies www.familyinternet.com Food plays a major role in promoting a healthy life. However, during the pregnancy cycle, nutrition is of even greater importance because of the effects on both the mother and baby. Many people have said that a pregnant mother is eating for two, which in fact is correct. The mother needs a certain amount of protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, water and fiber in the diet each day. Pregnancy Life Stage One suggested food plan, developed by FamilyWeb.com, suggests that during the first 2 to 3 months of pregnancy, a woman should try eating small amounts frequently throughout the day to keep the energy higher. If the mother only eats larger amounts of food less frequently, she may experience discomfort due to her energy levels reaching highs and lows. The food plan also recommends that the mother eat raw vegetables, fruits, juices, milk, breads and cereals in between meals as a way to keep the metabolic rate and energy steady. Each food group has recommended or suggested serving amounts for a pregnant woman. An outline of the serving amounts for each food group is as follows: The Five Food Groups Suggested Number of Servings Fruits and

10 Fascinating Facts About Beetles

10 Fascinating Facts About Beetles Beetles inhabit nearly every ecological niche on the planet. This group includes some of our most beloved bugs, as well as our most reviled pests. Here are 10 fascinating facts about beetles, our largest insect order. One out of Every Four Animals on Earth Is a Beetle Beetles are the largest group of living organisms known to science, bar none. Even with plants included in the count, one in every five known organisms is a beetle. Scientists have described over 350,000 species of beetles, with many more still undiscovered, undoubtedly. By some estimates, there may be as many as 3 million beetle species living on the planet. The order Coleoptera is the largest order in the entire animal kingdom. Beetles Live Everywhere You can find beetles almost anywhere on the planet, from pole to pole, according to entomologist Stephen Marshall. They inhabit both terrestrial and freshwater aquatic habitats, from forests to grasslands, deserts to tundras, and from beaches to mountaintops. You can even find beetles on some of the worlds most remote islands. The British geneticist (and atheist) J. B. S. Haldane is purported to have said that God must have an inordinate fondness for beetles. Perhaps this accounts for their presence and number in every corner of this globe we call Earth. Most Adult Beetles Wear Body Armor One of the traits that make beetles so easy to recognize is their hardened forewings, which serve as armor to protect the more delicate flight wings and soft abdomen underneath. The famed philosopher Aristotle coined the order name Coleoptera, which comes from the Greek koleon, meaning sheathed, and ptera, meaning wings. When beetles fly, they hold these protective wing covers (called elytra) out to the sides, allowing the hindwings to move freely and keep them airborne. Beetles Vary Dramatically in Size As you would expect from a group of insects so numerous, beetles range in size from nearly microscopic to downright gigantic. The shortest beetles are the featherwing beetles (family Ptiliidae), most of which measure less than 1 millimeter long. Of these, the smallest of all is a species called the fringed ant beetle, Nanosella fungi, which reaches only 0.25 mm in length and weighs just 0.4 milligrams. On the other end of the size spectrum, the Goliath beetle (Goliathus goliathus) tips the scales at 100 grams. The longest known beetle hails from South America. The appropriately named Titanus giganteus can reach 20 centimeters long. Adult Beetles Chew Their Food That might seem obvious, but not all insects do so. Butterflies, for example, sip liquid nectar from their own built-in straw, called a proboscis. One common trait all adult beetles and most beetle larvae share is mandibulate mouthparts, made just for chewing. Most beetles feed on plants, but some (like ladybugs) hunt and eat smaller insect prey. Carrion feeders use those strong jaws to gnaw on skin or hides. A few even feed on fungus. Whatever theyre dining on, beetles chew their food thoroughly before swallowing. In fact, the common name beetle is thought to derive from the Old English word bitela, meaning little biter. Beetles Have a Big Impact on the Economy Only a tiny fraction of the overall insect population can be considered pests; most insects never cause us any trouble at all. But because so many are phytophagous, the order Coleoptera does include quite a few pests of economic importance. Bark beetles (like the mountain pine beetle) and wood-borers (such as the exotic emerald ash borer) kill millions of trees each year. Farmers spend millions on pesticides and other controls for agricultural pests like the western corn rootworm or the Colorado potato beetle. Pests like the Khapra beetle feed on stored grains, causing more economic losses well after the harvest is completed. Just the money spent by gardeners on Japanese beetle pheromone traps (some would say money wasted on pheromone traps) is greater than the GDP of some small countries! Beetles Can Be Noisy Many insects are famous for their sounds. Cicadas, crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids all serenade us with songs. Many beetles produce sounds, too, although not nearly as melodic as those of their Orthopteran cousins. Deathwatch beetles bang their heads again the walls of their wood tunnels, making a surprisingly loud knocking sound. Some darkling beetles tap their abdomens on the ground. A good number of beetles stridulate, particularly when handled by humans. Have you ever picked up a June beetle? Many, like the ten-lined June beetle, will squeal when you do. Both male and female bark beetles chirp, probably as a courtship ritual and a means of finding one another. Some Beetles Glow in the Dark Species in certain beetle families produce light. Their bioluminescence occurs through a chemical reaction involving an enzyme called luciferase. Fireflies (family Lampyridae) flash signals to attract potential mates, with a light organ on the abdomen. In glowworms (family Phengodidae), the light organs run down the sides of the thoracic and abdominal segments, like tiny glowing windows on a railroad boxcar (and thus their nickname, railroad worms). Glowworms also sometimes have an additional light organ on the head, which glows red! Tropical click beetles (​family Elateridae) also produce light by virtue a pair of oval light organs on the thorax and a third light organ on the abdomen. Weevils Are Beetles, Too Weevils, easily recognized by their elongated, almost comical beaks, are really just a type of beetle. The superfamily Curculionoidea includes the snout beetles and various types of weevils. When you look at a weevils long snout, you might assume they feed by piercing and sucking their meal, much like the true bugs. But dont be fooled, weevils belong to the order Coleoptera. Just as all other beetles do, weevils have mandibulate mouthparts made for chewing. In the case of the weevil, however, the mouthparts are usually tiny and are found just at the tip of that long beak. Many weevils cause significant damage to their plant hosts, and for this reason, we consider them pests. Beetles Have Been Around for About 270 Million Years The first beetle-like organisms in the fossil record date back to the Permian Period, roughly 270 million years ago. True beetles - those that resemble our modern-day beetles - first appeared about 230 million years ago. Beetles were already in existence before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea, and they survived the K/T extinction event thought to have doomed the dinosaurs. How have beetles survived for so long, and withstood such extreme events? As a group, beetles have proved remarkably adept at adapting to ecological changes. Sources Insects - Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallBorror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonEncyclopedia of Insects, edited by Vincent H. Resh and Ring T. Carde. Featherwing Beetles - Insecta: Coleoptera: Ptiliidae, University of Florida. Accessed December 13, 2012.Coleoptera : The biggest, the smallest ? How many beetles are there?, Coleoptera website. Accessed December 13, 2012.Plant pests: The biggest threats to food security?, BBC News, November 8, 2011. Accessed December 13, 2012.Introduction to Bioluminescent Beetles, by Dr. John C. Day, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Oxford. Accessed December 17, 2012Glow-Worms, Railroad-Worms, University of Florida, accessed December 17, 2012.

A character analysis of the priest (Abbe Marignan) in the short Story Essay

A character analysis of the priest (Abbe Marignan) in the short Story Clair De Lune - Essay Example The protagonist Abbe Marignan, is essentially a composure of most of the elements used to create the story. Depicted as a priest, Marignan signifies both extremes on love and hence espouses the various elements used inside the story itself. The very first line of the story perhaps best signifies the first aspect of Abbe Marignan’s personality where Maupassant exclaims Marignan as a â€Å"soldier of God†. The contention here is to depict Marignan as a righteous yet fanatical individual since a soldier is by design fanatically tied to the doctrines of a higher order. Maupassant clarifies this view through his second line where he delineates the priest’s existence as: The use of the word â€Å"fanatical† signifies that Marignan was a zealous individual in the higher order service of God. In being a servant of God, Marignan has been depicted as being righteous an uncompromising – just as any fanatic is. In his fanaticism Marignan has been depicted as a learned man who does his best to discover the Lord’s purpose for every other thing. Maupassant exclaims: In itself, this small question reveals a lot about Marignan’s basic nature which is inquisitive. However, as the story later reveals, Marignan is inquisitive as well as nosy since he goes ahead and interferes with something that does not concern him. This characteristic may be attributed to everyone who believes that he is in line with God and is in some degree God’s representative on earth. Since religious figures such as priests are entrusted with religion on a professional scale, so it might be expected that they would interfere in other people’s lives to determine their righteousness (Heap). Furthermore, Marignan has been shown as a person who inquires into things and finds divine explanations for them. Maupassant expresses this as: Being part of divinity, Marignan feels that he knows

HRM in International Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

HRM in International Context - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the human resource department is of colossal importance with regards to sustaining the competitive advantage in any company. This paper will look at the best possible hiring method and selection in regards to the deployment procedures of international expansion of a company where an HR manager has to be hired. The best policy will be analyzed so that the optimal results can be experienced. The international HR manager will have a diverse range of activities from hiring to interacting with people at larger levels. Any kind of loopholes in this domain can cost the company a lot of monetary damage thus different criteria will be discussed. Risks in this process and their solutions will also be discussed. The key requirements of the job is to uphold the company work objectives and this requirement is perfectly in demand of the staffing policy which will make sure that the true potential of the company in terms of performance, results and s ervices is deployed. Any business or company that is looking to expand globally cannot sustain growth rate without optimal staffing strategies in the international context. In the given scenario, there can be a lot of options for the staffing policy and it is dependent on different volatile variables but keeping in view the company demands and international canvas setups, ethnocentric staffing policy will be best to adopt while hiring international HR manager. Ethnocentric staffing policy argues to hire the individuals from the company with the intention of transferring the core competencies beyond the borders. In this approach, the intent is to hire an individual from the parent country which is the baseline of the company and headquarters. All the services, instructions and process of the HR related activates takes place from the parent-oriented culture. Another staffing policy that can be best used in this case is geocentric in which there is an increased canvas of scope and the organizational hierarchy can hire best human resource irrespective of their location and nationality. This staffing policy promises the best results because this policy is feasible and prone to changes in terms of adaptability. In this policy, translational strategies must be inculcated because the need of both global integration and local responsiveness is very high.